中提到有两种Web Worker:专用线程dedicated web worker,以及共享线程shared web worker。不过主要讲了专用线程dedicated web worker,并未提及共享线程shared web worker。那么这一篇文章继上一篇讲讲共享线程shared web worker。
shared web worker:运行的是更为普遍性的代码,可以为多个页面服务。它可以被与之相关联的多个页面访问,只有当所有关联的的页面都关闭的时候,该Shared web worker才会结束。
注意:如果要使共享进程可以连接到多个不同的页面,这些页面必须属于相同的域(相同的协议,主机以及端口);
如何创建shared web worker
创建shared web worker与创建dedicated web worker方法类似,调用SharedWorker()
构造函数,指定一个要在 worker 线程内运行的脚本的 uri。下面的代码展示了如何通过SharedWorker()
构造函数来创建一个共享进程对象。 var myWorker = new SharedWorker("worker.js");
与dedicated web worker不同的是,shared web worker访问worker通过sharedworker.port属性创建了一个messageport对象,该对象可以用来进行通信和对共享进程进行控制。当使用addEventListener监听message事件时,端口需要手动启动,利用其start()方法,采用onmessage()则不用。
myWorker.port.start();
端口开启后,使用port.postmessage()向SharedWorker发送消息,使用port.onmessage监听事件接收SharedWorker传递的消息,代码演示如下:
first.onchange = function() { myWorker.port.postMessage([first.value,second.value]); console.log('Message posted to worker'); } second.onchange = function() { myWorker.port.postMessage([first.value,second.value]); console.log('Message posted to worker'); } myWorker.port.onmessage = function(e) { result1.textContent = e.data; console.log('Message received from worker'); }
在SharedWorker中,使用onconnect事件监听SharedWorker的所有页面连接在同一端口,同样用port.onmessage与页面通信接收消息,用port.postMessage向页面发回处理后的数据。
onconnect = function(e) { var port = e.ports[0]; port.addEventListener('message', function(e) { var workerResult = 'Result: ' + (e.data[0] * e.data[1]); port.postMessage(workerResult); }); port.start(); // 使用 addEventListener 监听message时需要. onmessage 则不需要 }
使用onmessage监听事件则代码如下:
onconnect = function(e) { var port = e.ports[0]; port.onmessage(function (e) { var workerResult = 'Result: ' + (e.data[0] * e.data[1]); port.postMessage(workerResult); })};
注意:SharedWorker本身就是继承自Worker,所以与Worker一样受同样的限制,关于限制在中有介绍,在Worker的作用域中额外增添了applicationCache应用缓存(不过已经从web标准中删除),另一个就是name,在使用构造函数创建SharedWorker对象时的一个可选参数。
var myWorker = new SharedWorker("worker.js","workerName");
这样在worker的全局作用域中可访问name,在上例代码中值为"workerName"。
下面上一个两个html页面共享一个SharedWorker的完整简单例子:
index1.html
Shared Workers basic example SharedWorkersbasicexample
Result: 0
index1.js
var first = document.querySelector('#number1'), second = document.querySelector('#number2'), result1 = document.querySelector('.result1');if (!!window.SharedWorker) { var myWorker = new SharedWorker("worker.js",'sw1_'); first.oninput = function() { myWorker.port.postMessage([first.value, second.value]); console.log('Message posted to worker'); }; second.oninput = function() { myWorker.port.postMessage([first.value, second.value]); console.log('Message posted to worker'); }; myWorker.port.onmessage = function(e) { result1.textContent = e.data; console.log('Message received from worker'); };}
index2.html
Shared Workers basic example SharedWorkersbasicexample
Result: 0
index2.js
var squareNumber = document.querySelector('#number3'), result2 = document.querySelector('.result2');if (!!window.SharedWorker) { var myWorker = new SharedWorker("worker.js",'sw2_'); squareNumber.oninput = function() { myWorker.port.postMessage([squareNumber.value, squareNumber.value]); console.log('Message posted to worker'); }; myWorker.port.onmessage = function(e) { result2.textContent = e.data; console.log('Message received from worker'); }}
worker.js
onconnect = function(e) { var port = e.ports[0]; port.onmessage = function(e) { var workerResult = name + 'Result: ' + (e.data[0] * e.data[1]); port.postMessage(workerResult); };};
style.css
html { background-color: #7D2663; font-family: sans-serif;}h1 { margin: 0; font-size: 15vw; letter-spacing: -0.2rem; position: absolute; top: 0; z-index: -1;}p { margin: 0 0 1rem 0;}.controls { padding: 4vw; width: 75%; margin: 3vw auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); border: 5px solid black; opacity: 0.3; transition: 1s all;}.controls:hover, .controls:focus { opacity: 1;}.controls label, .controls p, .controls input { font-size: 3vw;}.controls div { padding-bottom: 1rem;}